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Aeration and air-water mass transfer on stepped chutes with embankment dam slopes

机译:堤坝斜坡坡道上的曝气和气水传质

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摘要

Stepped spillway flows are characterised by significant free-surface aeration downstream of the inception point of air entrainment. The stepped design is advantageous for applications which require large energy dissipation and strong flow aeration. While the energy dissipation rate for embankment stepped spillways was studied previously, the optimum design for aeration and air-water mass transfer is not known. Herein new air-water flow experiments were conducted on several stepped spillways with embankment dam slopes using with phase-detection intrusive probes. The present data were compared with previous studies in terms of energy dissipation, flow aeration and air-water mass transfer. The air-water mass transfer was calculated based upon air-water flow measurements in terms of dissolved oxygen. The re-oxygenation rates were compared with previous studies comprising both conductivity and direct dissolved oxygen measurements. The comparison highlighted a monotonic increase of aeration efficiency with energy dissipation rate. All data were in good agreement independent of channel slopes, stepped configuration and sensor size. The data confirmed the effects of strong air-water interactions within the bulk of the flow for both energy dissipation and re-oxygenation performances.
机译:阶梯式溢洪道流量的特征在于夹带开始点下游有大量自由表面通气。阶梯式设计对于需要大量能量消耗和强劲通气的应用而言非常有利。虽然先前已经研究了堤坝阶梯溢洪道的能量耗散率,但对于曝气和气水传质的最佳设计尚不清楚。在本文中,新的空气-水流实验是使用相位检测侵入式探头在堤坝坝坡的几个阶梯式溢洪道上进行的。在能耗,流量通气和空气-水传质方面,将当前数据与以前的研究进行了比较。空气-水传质是根据空气-水流量测量得出的,以溶解氧计。将再充氧速率与先前的研究(包括电导率和直接溶解氧测量值)进行了比较。比较突出了曝气效率随能量耗散率的单调增加。所有数据均具有良好的一致性,而与通道斜率,阶梯状配置和传感器尺寸无关。数据证实了在大部分流动中强烈的空气与水的相互作用对能量耗散和再充氧性能的影响。

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