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Interlayer-free hybrid carbon-silica membranes for processing brackish to brine salt solutions by pervaporation

机译:无中间层的混合碳-硅膜,用于通过全蒸发将咸味处理成盐溶液

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摘要

Mesoporous, interlayer-free, hybrid carbon-silica matrices and membranes based on tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), organosilica of triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) and pluronic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (P123) were successfully prepared using an acid-base catalysed sol-gel method for desalination applications. These membranes were carbonized to form the hybrid carbon-silica structures under inert conditions in vacuum and nitrogen. The effects of calcination conditions on the structure-property relationship of the carbon-silica xerogels were elucidated, and the membrane performances were systematically studied using brackish (1 wt%) to brine (15 wt%) feed concentrations of sodium chloride solution and feed temperatures (25–60 °C) under pervaporation process. Vacuum calcined (CS-Vc) membrane produced a slightly more mesoporous matrix and higher carbon yield than the nitrogen calcined (CS-N) membrane, and hence, led to comparatively superior desalination performance. CS-Vc membranes produced high water fluxes of 26.5 (1 wt%, 60 °C) and 9.2 (15 wt%, 60 °C) L m h with salt rejections of 99.5% and 98.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the combined strategy of hybrid organosilica with polymeric template and vacuum calcination offered the carbonized silica mesostructure membranes with excellent separation of water from the hydrated salt ions, and importantly, high water fluxes particularly for processing brine salt solutions.
机译:基于四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS),三乙氧基乙烯基硅烷(TEVS)和普朗尼克三嵌段共聚物聚(环氧乙烷)-聚(环氧丙烷)-聚(环氧乙烷)的有机介孔,无层间杂化碳-二氧化硅基质和膜使用酸碱催化的溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了用于脱盐应用的有机硅。这些膜在真空和氮气中在惰性条件下碳化以形成杂化碳-二氧化硅结构。阐明了煅烧条件对碳-二氧化硅干凝胶的结构-性质关系的影响,并使用了氯化钠溶液的淡盐水(1%)至盐水(15 %%)的进料浓度和进料温度,系统地研究了膜性能(25–60°C)在全蒸发过程中。真空煅烧(CS-Vc)膜比氮煅烧(CS-N)膜产生的中孔基质略多,碳收率更高,因此导致了相对较好的脱盐性能。 CS-Vc膜产生的高水通量为26.5(1 wt%,60°C)和9.2(15 wt%,60°C)L·m·h·m·h,脱盐率分别为99.5%和98.6%。这项研究表明,杂化有机硅与聚合物模板和真空煅烧相结合的策略为碳化的二氧化硅介孔结构膜提供了极佳的水与水合盐离子分离能力,重要的是,高通量的通量,特别是用于处理盐溶液。

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