The institutional system defines the roles of public and private agencies and the property rights and responsibilities of landholders, and hence has major implications for forestry management. This paper approaches the topic in terms of theoretical perspectives, and applies these to forestry in Leyte Province, drawing on findings of the ACIAR UQ/LSU Smallholder Forestry Project. CBFM and forestry, which have evolved particularly during the last decade, are found to have a number of positive features. At the same time, some limitations and weaknesses in the institutional environment for smallholder forestry are apparent, and potential measures to improve the regulatory environment are examined.
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