Il ventre di Roma: trasformazione monumentale dell'area dei fori e nascita delle borgate negli anni del governatorato fascista

摘要

Among the various urbanistic realizations which changed the face of Rome during the Fascist Administration, the giant transformation of the Historical Center, made by the so called "sventramentri" is most probably the main attraction for the researcher in the field. However the social effects due to the consequential disaggregation of the previous ancient urban network built up in a whole period longer than thousand years of stratification appear so far not deeply investigated.This PhD dissertation has as a focus the reconstruction of the peculiar aspects and properties of the expropriated properties (ex building), of the familiar nuclei subjected to eviction and of the economical activities existing during the demolition time, with a systematic learning of the available information by repositories sources (largely unknown) which interests a test area such that Campidoglio, Piazza Venezia, Fori Imperiali and their boundaries belong to it. The analysis of the documentation concerning the expropriation practices of the demolished buildings allows us the knowledge of the negotiation terms between landlords and the official administration as well as the possibility of understanding the different behaviours adopted by the citizen subjected to eviction. The first steps have been to work out a social-economic map of the destroyed area in order to determine, with the necessary and achievable precision, the next destination of the evicted families and to evaluate the effects of such a transformation on the dynamics of the territorial distribution of the population, considering also the interaction with the living emergency due to the end of the constraining regime of the rents and of the existing operations of "sbaraccamento". Attempting the elaboration of a complete evaluation of the "deportation" phenomenon of the dwellers of the Historical Center toward the periphery we can state that it doesn't appear just of less importance with respect to the traditional consolided consideration but, primarly, consequence of a social selection process much more detailed, partially self emerging and partially explicity driven by the politics of public help in the housing sector. In fact, during the collocation of the evicted citizen a strong criteria of separation, by which the final destination of the citizen were directly connected with their position in the social being, has been applied: The analysis of the bureaucratic mechanics by which the evicted families collocation has started hallows us to put in evidence, as a sideline of the role due by the "sbentramenti" in the social division of population process, also the existing link between the assistance activities and population control, fundamental knot for the understanding of the social behaviour adopted by the Fascist Regime.