Cities are becoming more important in Canada and around the world as a result of urbanization and the evolution of the global economy. Everywhere, the emergence of pressing urban issues is confronting politicians with difficult policy problems that cut across formal jurisdictional lines. In Canada, the importance of cities is challenging the traditional intergovernmental arrangements of federalism. But the complex web of federal-provincial relationships that have been a feature of Canadian federalism are also being challenged by the 'open federalism' approach of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. This approach seeks to reduce rather than increase the scope of intergovernmental affairs, and suggests that urban issues are not the concern of the federal government since municipalities and their problems are the exclusive jurisdiction of the provinces. Using two case studies of key urban issues, public housing and public transportation, this thesis examines the evolving intergovernmental arrangements and growing problems in these program areas in Canada's three largest cities (Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver). It demonstrates that open federalism as an approach to urban issues is not likely to be effective. Rather, the overlapping jurisdictional challenges posed by urban issues, combined with the limited policy and fiscal resources available to Canadian municipal governments, appear to warrant a greater degree of multi-level governance, a finding consistent with trends elsewhere. In this regard, an updated version of cooperative federalism would seem to allow the federal government the greatest ability to articulate broad national policy objectives while engaging both provincial and municipal governments to ensure adequate and effective program implementation at the local level.
展开▼
机译:CCTV PA / AV / CPTED盒CCTV PA / AV / CPTED盒3 CCTV与CPTED盒的组合SmartPole以及与Smartpole Cpted Box的Muli-Provider System合同,具有防犯CCTV PA / AV广播系统和方式 为工人防灾和工业安全和健康管理中央电视台监测系统播放市政公共关系和健康管理中央电视台监测系统 工人防灾