Estudio del impacto ambiental del uso del bagazo como fuente de energía en centrales azucareros en Cuba. Estudio de caso 'Melanio Hernández'

摘要

This work was carried out to study the environmental impacts produced by power generation from biomass (bagasse) in sugar mills in Cuba. For this purpose, with the collaboration of the Center for Energy and Industrial Processes (CEEPI), the University Center of Sancti Spiritus and using different research methods and techniques, conducted an environmental survey of the area. Gaseous emissions were characterized and the suspended solid particles, allowing knowing that these concentrations do not exceed the maximum emission limit set by the cubana Standard. In addition, the dispersion model applied DISPER allowed us to obtain information in crisis conditions of air emissions from sugar mill and distillery associated and concluded that emissions from the distillery are the pollutants that contribute more the atmosphere. The correlating emissions with respiratory diseases, (acute respiratory infections or subacute (IRA) and ASMA), concurrent Asthma Crisis (CAB) is the most affected. The calculated costs associated in these diseases, amounting to $ 119 599.23 per year. In order to minimize the negative alternatives are proposed to be implemented in industry and community.