Emergencias y desastres en bibliotecas universitarias: prevención y planificación de la respuesta

摘要

Starting off of the idea that disasters and emergencies can be prevented and their consequences can be palliated, the objective of this work consists of presenting a preparation methodology before wrecks in libraries to correct the detected deficiencies, to design a performance protocol before emergencies and to expose basic knowledge of rescue and damaged material recovery. This work is divided in four chapters. First: we propose a planning methodology written in the Plan for Emergencies, Security and Disasters. This methodology includes the allocation of responsibilities at three levels: a Committee in charge of the planning, the study and the management of the Plan; a responsible Emergency equipment to evaluate the situation and to coordinate the rescue tasks; and, finally, a Brigade of Disasters or trained team of direct intervention in the ill-fated library. Next a exhibition of the types of risks, the elements to evaluate and the cogoverning measures directed is made to correct the deficiencies found with respect to fires, damages by water or security against robberies and not authorized accesses. The measures to adopt will beforehand depend on the priorities of established rescue and preservation according to the orientative criteria that in this chapter are suggested. The chapter third is devoted to the practical preparation of the answer before the wreck. In it I explain the types of wrecks and sources of damage which a library can possibly face, in addition to basic aspects to conclude an emergency successfully, as they are the activation of a chain of effective communication, training, the accomplishment of maneuverses and the performance standards for emergencies in the building. The fourth exposes the form in which the fire or the water affects the collections and the danger that involve the mould appearance. Later a protocol of performance in front of the wreck, as well as the primary tasks sets out that the Brigade of Disasters must carry out to rescue the affected materials and to prevent greater damages. In this chapter also the different methods are explained from drying of collections, with special interest in the document freezing and the techniques of vacuum drying. Finally, it is made a brief exhibition of the materials and equipment necessary to confront the disaster, and generic questions on the reestablishment of normality. As a complement to the contents of this work, six appendices are contributed that illustrate some aspects of the planning of the disasters: a list of control of risk elements; models of telephone contacts for emergency services, professional people, companies and advisers related to the documentary recovery of damaged material; forms of registry of damages (useful for the accomplishment of the mandatory information on the emergency); and, finally, an example of maps of a university library, in which the signaling of the elements is included, in order it can be taken into account by the Emergency team.