Introducción al pensamiento crítico y escéptico en las ciencias de la información documental. Crítica Bibliotecológica: Revista de las Ciencias de Información Documental (Library and Information Science Critique: Journal of the Sciences of Information Recorded in Documents), 1 (1), jul-dic, pp. 14-41

摘要

Title of article: "Introduction to the critical and skeptical thinking in the sciences of information recorded in documents." An analysis and critique is made of a reduced sample of contemporary deceptive ideologies within the research of Library and Information Science, defined as the science of documental information, as well as within the institutions of documental information, i.e., libraries, as applied by the professionals of documental information, i.e., librarians providing service both theoretically and practically to users of documental information. The analysis employs terms such as documental information or informationrecorded in documents as conceptualized by Rendón Rojas (2005), and is based on the critical and skeptical thought of Sagan (1997). Examined are deceits specific to ideology associated with the dominant Alfa social classes executed against all the dominated ones--unto the Betas to the Omegas--communicated through arguments containing logical and rhetorical fallacies (Bowell and Kemp, 2005). Here they are examined as possible valid elements for analysis to be researched in LIS. The following fallacies were found: a) to call on authority; b) of Common Practice; c) selection from an arbitrary observation; d) epistemic fallacy. According to the data obtained through the literature reviewed it could be observed that these fallacies occured mostly around the following examples of the most representative ideological and pseudo-scientific deceits: 1) concerning the primacy of pragmaticism against theory in LIS research; 2) concerning the impregnation of LIS research with pseudo-science; 3) concerning the ideologies of the Information Society and/or Knowledge Society (ISKS); 4) concerning “social capital” and “human capital”; 5) regarding the commercialization and marketing of the documental information in the ISKS; 6)regarding “knowledge and information as generators of material wealth” in the ISKS; 7) regarding the competition to find the foundation/origin/canon of all the ISKS ideologies. Intertwined throughout the argumentation of the paper there is proposed an adoption/integration of a learned epistemology, scientific and humanistic, as the core of LIS research, education and training, so that students, faculty and professionals can base their library research and practice on critical and skeptical thought.