Les chocs radiatifs générés par les lasers à haute énergie: une opportunité pour l'astrophysique de laboratoire.

摘要

The work in this thesis comes under the vast field of the laboratory astrophysics and deals with the creation and the characterization of a regime in which matter and radiation are strongly coupled. This brings into play the experimental techniques of generation of very fast shocks, that are thus very hot, leading so to so called radiative shocks. The objective of this thesis is to recreate in the laboratory the conditions for the generation of a radiative shock, and to study it by measuring a great number of parameters simultaneously to give the highest possible coherence. I will also present for each measurement, the comparison with the radiative hydrodynamic simulations. During this thesis, we carried out within the LULI laboratory two experimental campaigns on two different laser installations (the old laser 6F and the very new LULI2000). The first was held in 2002 and the second at the beginning of 2005. These experiments were part of a large collaboration: In addition to the important contribution of the technical teams of the LULI (laser team, experimental team, hardware team,...), external teams in particular took part in the definition of the experiments, the design and manufacture of the targets and the numerical simulations (the CEA-DAM, the LUTH and the GEPI of the observatory of Paris Meudon and the university of Rome "La Sapienza" in Italy).