Vers l'élaboration d'un matériau holographique de dimension centimétrique pour l'enregistrement de réseaux de phase en volume à pas variable (réseaux de Bragg chirpés) : Application à l'étirement d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes.

摘要

Since its first experimental realization by Theodore Maiman in 1960, the laser operated in pulsed mode. Even if the powers in play at that time were very low, the brightness of this source have vied with one million suns. Thus, it was easy to see the importance of being able to place a fraction of light energy in pulses of duration as short as possible. With amplification technique to frequency drift, exploration system of stretching and compression begins. Despite a variety of solutions for stretchers and compressors, the system will completely dominate Treacy architectures lasers due to its high level of damage to critical applications of very high energy. However, this solution is far from easy to implement and the system is associated with many defects. The cost of the optics (diffraction gratings and optical reflective triplet Öffner) is very high due to large dimensions and surface qualities necessary to obtain 20-fs pulse. It is in this context that this thesis. The system of stretching and compression have been clearly identified technological obstacles to the development of femtosecond lasers in both the scientific, industrial. To this end, we conducted a study for the realization of a compact stretcher system using fiber Bragg gratings with variable recorded using holographic methods, offering a technological breakthrough. To achieve this stretcher a new holographic material has been developed and implemented for the realization of a component test. Its use in a conventional amplification chain leads to a clear demonstration of feasibility of such a system.