Desarrollo de un Sistema de Información Geográfica que permita la gestión integral de los cultivos de palma aceitera a través de la aplicación de sistemas de agricultura de precisión

摘要

The annual average production of oil palm in Ecuador is estimated on 12.50 tons, while in Ecuador commercials competing countries such as Colombia and Malaysia, the production is estimated from 25 to 30 tons. The management of an increase in production should be based on a framework of sustainable development which fulfills the environmental conservation in relation with social and economic development objectives. In this context it is important that industrial agricultural processes, that are usually intensive agricultural systems, ensure optimization of resources and environmental care, this being possible through the application of science and technology as the application of Geographic Information systems and precision farming systems.Industrial oil palm plantations have a lot of variables that affect productivity, which are identified as variability of field by relating the natural variables that determine the development and productivity of a crop and anthropogenic variables that are based on specific crop practices, required for the development of the crop, the same that depend on natural or climatic variables. Inconvenience to manage and administer crops through management and to analyze crop productivity are determined. The present study shows the development of a Geographic Information System which enables the comprehensive management of oil palm plantations through the application of precision farming systems.The Geographic Information System was evidenced by the creation of a geographic database containing all interrelated variables of oil palm plantation, including a specific set of data for precision farming system designed and implemented. For the Geographic Information System is used as a management tool for managers and coordinators, a geographical web viewer was developed. The project was developed using open source and commercial software, so a functional and flexible system was achieved.