A dimensão do espírito e a relação com a transcendência em Lima Vaz: uma resposta ao niilismo contemporâneo

摘要

Our goal is to comprehend in a philosophical anthropological level the category of spirit and its relation with transcendence as well its situation in contemporary thought. We can do that because this is the category that offers to human being one perspective of passage to a transcendent value that allows him access to the truth meaning of human being. In order to do this philosophical anthropological study we take the reading and interpretation of texts from one Brazilian thinker, the priest Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz. We also organize this study in four parts. In the first part, we describe the personal history of this author who is considered a sober man in his searching of truth, goodness and justice. In the second part, we briefly present the categories of the own body and the psyche. In the sequence of this part we detail the category of spirit and life according spirit as the apex of discourse about human life itself. In the third part, in the same procedure, we briefly mention the category of objectivity and of intersubjectivity and we emphasized later the category of transcendence. The category of transcendence is the category constitutive of the human being in his relational structure. In the fourth part, we show that modern philosophy had an anthropocentric yaw, thus the self-overcoming of reason was enclosed within the immanent subject perspective because it has excluded the transcendent absolute since it was considered harmful to the subject dignity and liberty. That fact created a spiritual crisis as we have never seen before in Western civilization. At the end, we describe the memory of being and the mystic as the anthropological places of liberty as an answer to this nihilist civilization. Therefore our purpose was to develop an exercise of thinking into the direction of which seems to be the center of the experience of comprehension of the human being, and this is under the thoughts of Lima Vaz, not only into his categories of spirit and transcendence, but in all over his writings.