Metalização serigráfica de células solares bifaciais fabricadas por processos térmicos rápidos

摘要

The direct conversion of solar energy into electric power using solar cells have been taking place to solve problems related to energy demand. High efficiency industrial solar cells made on silicon wafer have n+pp+ structure and they can be used as bifacial cells when bulk lifetime is high. This way, with the same material, cells can produce higher power when it is associated to PV concentrators. The aim of this work was to implement and optimize a process to fabricate bifacial solar cells by using rapid thermal furnaces and screen-printing. We have optimized, by simulation, devices of 4 cm2 with different surface dopant concentration and junction depth taking into account the surface recombination velocity and the series resistance. We found out that efficiencies of around 15,6 % and 15,5 % can be obtained for n+ and p+ illumination, respectively. Phosphorous and boron were carried out in a only rapid thermal step. The parameters of best thermal step were investigated by using sheet resistance and minority carrier lifetime measurements. The optimum thermal step has to be made at peak temperature of 850 °C during 1 minute resulting in sheet resistance of 35 Ω/߷ and minority carrier lifetime of 80 μs. Screen-printing was implemented and firing parameters were optimized. Best efficiencies have been achieved when pastes were dried at 150 °C for one minute of processing and fired at 950 °C during one minute too. Although the metal deposition was optimized, high series resistance has been observed in I-V characteristics of the solar cells that we attribute to contact resistance. Best device reached efficiency of 10,2 % (JSC of 30,3 mA/cm2) for n+ illumination and 2,4 % for p+ illumination.