Preparação de nanolâminas de grafite e síntese de nanocompósitos de polianilina

摘要

Graphite is naturally abundant material that has been used to prepare polymeric nanocomposite, because in nanometric dimensions it can improve the properties when such properties are compared with conventional composites. The polyaniline has attracted interest due to its high conductivity and excellent thermal stability. Nanoscale PANI has gained a wide range of interest for promising applications in electronic devices, light emitting diodes, solar cells, etc. In this work, nanosheets were obtained from natural graphite flakes and they are used to prepare polyaniline nanocomposites. The nanoloads exfoliation process was carried through a chemical and physical treatment for posterior use in the aniline polymerization. Graphite exfoliated and nanocomposite structures were studied by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Raman. Electrical properties were studied by using a device for electrical conductivity measurements developed by the authors. Results show that the methodological procedure to obtain the graphite nanosheets was adequate, and it indicates a good dispersion of the graphite in the polymeric matrix. The thermal and electrical property results of the nanocomposites show an increase of stability and conductivity.