Hhamaq tul and Milsanlquvqsanl lol : An Anthropological Comparative Study on 'Collective Avoidance Ritual' among Hani-Akha People in China, Laos and Thailand

摘要

Hhamaq tul is one of the annual rituals held by Hani people in Honghe Pref. Yunnan province. Milsanlquvqsanl lol is similar ritual held by Akha people in Myanmar. Laos and Thailand. It used to be held by Akha people in Xishuangbanna.P.R.C. I compare with these rituals and examine previous studies. I draw a conclusion that both of them are "collective avoidance ritual" of their ancestor's wisdom for survival.