The structure of Pinus massoniana and broadleaf tree mixed forest was studied with a view to provide a scientific basis for such forest ecological function research and managements in the region of the middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River in China. The existing distribution of forest in the region is not suitable, due to a large proportion of coniferous forest and a small proportion of broadleaf forest, as well as a large proportion of pure forest, small of the broadleaf tree mixed forest. Such kind of coniferous and pure forest tree structure is the major factor to lead the whole drainage area's ecosystem fragile, non-virtuous crisis. This study collected 95 scientific research sample-plots of eight stand types of Pinus massoniana and broadleaf tree mixed forest in four provinces or municipalities (Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Chongqing). The results showed that the stand structure of P. massoniana and broadleaf tree mixed forest had an obvious advantage, could adapt to a variety of environmental conditions and had great vitality and ecological potential compared to coniferous forest in the function of the water and soil conservation. The research suggested that the P. massoniana and broadleaf mixed forest was developing toward the stable, healthy cycle. Therefore, the P. massoniana and broadleaf tree mixed forest should be vigorously developed in the middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River shelterbelt construction.
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