The existing office building stock is an important object for energy retrofits to substantially reduce adverse impacts on the environment, human health, and the economy. This study establishes a model-based method to support design teams in making informed multi-criteria decisions for energy-efficiency solutions at the early design stage. The methodology provides an integrated framework to identify the stakeholders’ requirements and potential energy efficiency measures, to build and optimize a large design space, and to determine the best solutions, in a holistic way.
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