Reference Levels for Leaf Nutrient Diagnosis of cv. Tempranillo Grapevine in the Rioja Appellation

摘要

Plant nutritional diagnosis requires specific reference levels for each variety to effectivelyudreflect the nutritional status of the crop. A vine nutritional survey was undertakenudin the Rioja A.O.C., northeastern Spain. The survey method was used to establish theudpreliminary reference levels for the nutritional diagnosis of leaf blade and petiole tissuesudof Vitis vinifera L., cv. Tempranillo on Richter-110 rootstock. These referencesudwere generated from data obtained during the course of 11 years (2000¿10) fromud166 vineyards trained on Gobelet and Vertical Shoot Position (VSP), pruned in Guyot orudDouble Cordon Royat, systems. The database obtained included information from differentudaltitudes, soil types, cultural practices, and climatic conditions within the Riojaudappellation. The majority of the vineyards had no irrigation and soil was tilled mechanically.udNitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),udiron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B) were analyzed in leafudblade and petiole dry tissues sampled at both flowering and veraison. Vineyards withudphytosanitary damages, flowering problems, and data with extreme nutrient values wereuddiscarded. Data were statistically analyzed to obtain the normal average values consideringudthe (¿ ± 0.25¿) of the central data as optimal levels and the tails values (¿ud± 0.84¿) of the population as excessive or deficient levels. The statistical procedureudincluded the Kolmogorov¿Smirnov nonparametric test for normality, data transformationsudfor normality, and the calculation of percentiles when those transformations toudnormal distributions become unlikely (P20, P40, P60, and P80). Finally, referenceudlevels for leaf blade and petiole at both flowering and veraison are proposed for theudnutrition diagnosis of the cv. Tempranillo grapevine in the Rioja A.O.C.