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Performance of large-format digital cameras

机译:大幅面数码相机的性能

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摘要

Based on test blocks and standard production blocks Z/I Imaging DMCII-140, 230 and 250 as well as UltraCam Eagle images have been analyzed by bundle block adjustment with self calibration. By analysis of image coordinate residuals it is possible to check remaining systematic image errors and to update the set of additional parameters to the required combination. The Hannover program BLUH is using a basic set of 12 additional parameters which is a combination between geometric parameters and Fourier parameters in polar coordinates. In addition it is necessary to use a set of special additional parameters for the combination of the 9 UltraCam sub-CCDs. CCDs are often not flat enough, causing a bending of the edges. For the correct handling of such effects, special additional parameters are required to eliminate or at least reduce remaining systematic effects at image corners. For all DMCII-blocks with 5cm, 7cm, 9cm and 20cm GSD the root mean square size of the systematic image errors with 0.05pixels is very small. Only the basic set of 12 additional parameters is required, the special parameters for the image corners did not improve the accuracy determined with independent check points. Against former results with UltraCam images the monolithic stitching of the panchromatic sub-images to the green image improved the image geometry, nevertheless for reaching the highest accuracy the full set of 52 additional parameters is required, leading to systematic image errors in the root mean square of approximately 0.2pixels. This seems to be small, but it is causing a model deformation up to more as 1.0 GSD in the height, while in the case of the DMCII-images the model deformation did not exceed 0.2 GSD in Z. The major reason for the UltraCam Eagle image deformation seems to be caused by corner effects of the green reference image. Such an effect can be avoided with a better calibration. The DMCII and the UltraCam Eagle images were improved by the firm ware for edge enhancement, influencing also the effective image resolution, determined by edge analysis. No real loss of the effective against the nominal resolution can be seen. Nevertheless the UltraCam Eagle images are a little noisy, which may be caused by the edge enhancement and by the imaging in January.
机译:基于测试块和标准生产块,已通过束块调整和自校准对Z / I Imaging DMCII-140、230和250以及UltraCam Eagle图像进行了分析。通过分析图像坐标残差,可以检查剩余的系统图像误差,并将一组附加参数更新为所需的组合。汉诺威程序BLUH正在使用12个基本参数的基本集合,这些参数是极坐标中的几何参数和傅立叶参数之间的组合。另外,对于9个UltraCam子CCD的组合,必须使用一组特殊的附加参数。 CCD通常不够平整,导致边缘弯曲。为了正确处理此类效果,需要使用特殊的附加参数来消除或至少减少图像拐角处的剩余系统效果。对于GSD分别为5cm,7cm,9cm和20cm的所有DMCII块,系统图像误差的均方根大小(0.05像素)非常小。仅需要12个基本参数的基本设置,图像角的特殊参数并不能提高使用独立检查点确定的精度。与UltraCam图像以前的结果相反,将全色子图像单片拼接为绿色图像改善了图像几何形状,但是要达到最高的精度,还需要全套52个附加参数,从而导致均方根出现系统图像误差约0.2像素。这似乎很小,但是它会导致模型变形,高度高达1.0 GSD,而在DMCII图像的情况下,模型变形在Z轴上不超过0.2 GSD。UltraCam Eagle的主要原因图像变形似乎是由绿色参考图像的边角效应引起的。可以通过更好的校准避免这种影响。 DMCII和UltraCam Eagle图像已通过用于边缘增强的固件进行了改进,并且还影响了通过边缘分析确定的有效图像分辨率。看不到相对于标称分辨率的实际有效损失。尽管如此,UltraCam Eagle图像还是有点嘈杂,这可能是由于边缘增强和一月份的成像所致。

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    Jacobsen Karsten;

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  • 年度 2014
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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