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The Circum-Galactic Medium of Massive Spirals. II. Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies

机译:大螺旋的环银河系媒介。二。探索最庞大的孤立螺旋星系周围的热气态晕的性质

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摘要

We present the analysis of the XMM-Newton data of the Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals (CGM-MASS) sample of six extremely massive spiral galaxies in the local universe. All the CGM-MASS galaxies have diffuse X-ray emission from hot gas detected above the background extending $sim (30mbox{--}100),mathrm{kpc}$ from the galactic center. This doubles the existing detection of such extended hot CGM around massive spiral galaxies. The radial soft X-ray intensity profile of hot gas can be fitted with a β-function, with the slope typically in the range of $eta =0.35mbox{--}0.55$. This range, as well as those β values measured for other massive spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way (MW), are in general consistent with X-ray luminous elliptical galaxies of similar hot gas luminosity and temperature, and with those predicted from a hydrostatic-isothermal gaseous halo. Hot gas in such a massive spiral galaxy tends to have temperature comparable to its virial value, indicating the importance of gravitational heating. This is in contrast to lower mass galaxies, where hot gas temperature tends to be systematically higher than the virial one. The ratio of the radiative cooling to free fall timescales of hot gas is much larger than the critical value of ~10 throughout the entire halos of all the CGM-MASS galaxies, indicating the inefficiency of gas cooling and precipitation in the CGM. The hot CGM in these massive spiral galaxies is thus most likely in a hydrostatic state, with the feedback material mixed with the CGM, instead of escaping out of the halo or falling back to the disk. We also homogenize and compare the halo X-ray luminosity measured for the CGM-MASS galaxies and other galaxy samples and discuss the "missing" galactic feedback detected in these massive spiral galaxies.
机译:我们介绍了局部宇宙中六个超大质量旋涡星系的大型螺旋旋涡星系(CGM-MASS)样品的XMM-牛顿数据的分析。所有CGM-MASS星系都有从背景上方探测到的热气体发出的X射线漫射,从银河中心向外延伸了 sim(30 mbox {-} 100) mathrm {kpc} $。这使现有的围绕大型旋涡星系的这种扩展热CGM的探测增加了一倍。热气体的径向软X射线强度分布可以与β函数拟合,其斜率通常在$ beta = 0.35 mbox {-} 0.55 $的范围内。此范围以及对其他大型旋涡星系(包括银河系(MW))测得的β值通常与具有类似热气体光度和温度的X射线椭圆形星系一致,并且与通过静水压力预测的那些值一致-等温气态光晕。在如此巨大的旋涡星系中,热气的温度往往与其病毒值相当,这说明了重力加热的重要性。这与质量较低的星系形成对比,在较低质量的星系中,热气体的温度往往会系统地高于虚拟星系。在所有CGM-MASS星系的整个光晕中,热气体的辐射冷却与自由落下时间尺度之比远大于〜10的临界值,表明CGM中气体冷却和降水效率低下。因此,这些巨大旋涡星系中的热CGM最有可能处于静水状态,反馈材料与CGM混合在一起,而不是逸出光环或掉回圆盘。我们还将对CGM-MASS星系和其他星系样本测得的晕轮X射线光度进行均化和比较,并讨论在这些大型旋涡星系中检测到的“缺失”银河反馈。

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