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Assignment of measureable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects

机译:将可衡量的成本和收益分配给野生动植物保护项目

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摘要

Success of wildlife conservation projects is determined by a suite of biological and economic factors. Donor and public understanding of the economic factors is becoming increasingly central to the longevity of funding for conservation efforts. Unlike typical economic evaluation, many costs and benefits related to conservation efforts are realised in non-monetary terms. We identify the types of benefits and costs that arise from conservation projects and examine several well developed techniques that economists use to convert benefits and costs into monetary values so they may be compared in a common metric. Costs are typically more readily identifiable than benefits, with financial project costs reported most frequently, and opportunity and damage costs reported much less often. Most current evaluation methods rely primarily on cost-effectiveness analysis rather than cost–benefit analysis, a result of the difficultly in measuring benefits. We highlight improved methodology to measure secondary costs and benefits on a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting project efficacy and long-term success. Estimation of the secondary effects can provide a means to engage a wider audience in discussions of wildlife conservation by illuminating the relevant impacts to income and employment in local economies.
机译:野生生物保护项目的成功取决于一系列生物学和经济因素。捐助者和公众对经济因素的了解对于保护工作的资金寿命越来越重要。与典型的经济评估不同,与保护工作相关的许多成本和收益都是以非货币形式实现的。我们确定了保护项目产生的收益和成本的类型,并研究了经济学家用来将收益和成本转换为货币价值的几种先进技术,以便可以将它们用一个通用指标进行比较。成本通常比收益更容易识别,财务项目成本报告的频率最高,而机会成本和破坏成本的报告频率则要低得多。由于难以衡量收益,大多数当前的评估方法主要依靠成本效益分析,而不是成本效益分析。我们重点介绍了改进的方法,可以在更大的空间范围内衡量次要成本和收益,从而提高项目的有效性和长期成功。对次要影响的估算可以通过阐明对当地经济收入和就业的相关影响,提供一种手段,使更多的受众参与野生动植物保护的讨论。

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