A multi-agent system for managing plug-in hybrid vehicles as primary reserve capacity in a Smart Grid

摘要

Driven by environmental concerns, there is an increase in uncontrollable electricity generation from renewable energysources. To maintain the delicate balance between production and consumption on the electricity grid, the amount of expensive reserve capacities is increasing.An intelligent electricity grid or Smart Grid will enablethe control of appliances at consumers' homes to improvegrid balance. In particular, the control of PHEVs (plug-inhybrid vehicles) will oer a large flexible reserve. The goalof our research is to compare several solutions for controlling PHEVs as a reserve capacity. This paper takes a first step by controlling PHEVs with a multi-agent system as a primary reserve capacity.Simulations show that the multi-agent system is able tocontrol PHEVs as a primary reserve, charge them in timeand flatten the transformer load. To guarantee a constant regulation power throughout the day, PHEVs require a grid connection at work and the possibility of V2G (vehicle-to-grid).