In this paper, an approach to the critical photovoltaic penetration level is presented, based on the capacity of a DSO to regulate the voltage in a MV/LV substation by means of Off-Load Tap Changers. The performance of off-load tap changers to cope with an increasing amount of PV is investigated, by introducing the concept of the Voltage Operational Margin: the range of voltage where the tap can be set in order to avoid under-voltage or over-voltage.
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