Developing technical expertise in secondary technical schools in Ghana: The effect of powerful learning environments with and without ICT and the moderating effect of instructional conceptions.

摘要

TABLE OF CONTENTSList of Tables vList of Figures viINTRODUCTION1RATIONALE OF THE PRESENT STUDY1GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM3THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY: GHANA7OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY12CHAPTER 1: INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND POWERFUL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS151.1. INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY151.2. POWERFUL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS181.3. THE 4C/ID PLE AND INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICE: CLASSROOM TEACHING CONTEXT251.4. CONCLUSION28CHAPTER 2: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING.292.1. THE STATUS OF ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING302.2. THE TREND OF ICT IN INSTRUCTION322.3. FUNCTIONS OF ICT IN INSTRUCTION332.4. IMPACT OF ICT ON LEARNING352.5. ICT AND 4C/ID PLE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE422.6. CONCLUSION45CHAPTER 3: INSTRUCTIONAL CONCEPTIONS473.1. DEFINITION OF INSTRUCTIONAL CONCEPTION473.2. INSTRUCTIONAL CONCEPTIONS AND THE DESIGN OF INSTRUCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS493.3. RESEARCH FINDINGS ON INSTRUCTIONAL CONCEPTIONS503.4. INSTRUCTIONAL CONCEPTIONS AS A MODERATING VARIABLE543.5. SUMMARY: THE FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY56CHAPTER 4: TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY594.1. DEFINITION OF EXPERTISE604.2. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERTISE604.3. TECHNICAL EXPERTISE654.4. THE STATUS OF RESEARCH ON EXPERTISE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTION IN SCHOOL SETTINGS704.5. INTEGRATED SET OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR TECHNICAL EXPERTISE714.6. LEARNING PROCESSES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED SETS OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS754.7. TASK ANALYSIS774.8. THE REGULAR METHOD OF TEACHING814.9. THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESES83CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH METHOD AND THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY875.1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN875.2. PARTICIPANTS885.3. RESEARCH MATERIALS895.4. PROCEDURE1025.5. DATA ANALYSIS1085.6. RESULTS1105.7. CONCLUSION116CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS1196.1. DISCUSSION OF MAIN RESULTS1196.2. CREDIBILITY ISSUES IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH IN RELATION TO THIS STUDY1246.3. SUMMARY OF THE STUDY128CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS1317.1. THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS1317.2. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS1397.3. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS1417.4. FINAL COMMENT143LIST OF REFERENCES145APPENDICES167APPENDIX 1: INSTRUCTION CONCEPTIONS QUESTIONNAIRE167APPENDIX 2: LESSON BLUEPRINT FOR 4C/ID PLE173APPENDIX 3: LESSON BLUEPRINT FOR REGULAR METHOD OF TEACHING181APPENDIX 4: ASSESSMENT TASK187APPENDIX 5: RETENTION AND TRANSFER TEST ITEMS201