udReport of the Study Group on “ Fisheries and Ecosystem Response to Recent Regime Shifts”

摘要

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYudud1. DECADAL-SCALE CLIMATE EVENTS ud1.1 Introductionud1.2 Basin-scale Patternsud1.3 Long Time Series in the North Pacificud1.4 Decadal Climate Variability in Ecological Regions of the North Pacificud1.5 Mechanismsud1.6 Referencesududud2. COHERENT REGIONAL RESPONSES ud2.1 Introductionud2.2 Central North Pacific (CNP)ud2.3 California Current System (CCS)ud2.4 Gulf of Alaska (GOA)ud2.5 Bering Sea and Aleutian Islandsud2.6 Western North Pacific (WNP)ud2.7 Coherence in Regional Responses to the 1998 Regime Shiftud2.8 Climate Indicators for Detecting Regime Shiftsud2.9 Referencesududud3. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MARINE RESOURCES ud3.1 Introductionud3.2 Response Time of Biota to Regime Shiftsud3.3 Response Time of Management to Regime Shiftsud3.4 Provision of Stock Assessment Adviceud3.5 Decision Rulesud3.6 Referencesududud4. SUGGESTED LITERATURE ud4.1 Climate Regimesud4.2 Impacts on Lower Trophic Levelsud4.3 Impacts on Fish and Higher Trophic Levelsud4.4 Impacts on Ecosystems and Possible Mechanismsud4.5 Regimes and Fisheries ManagementudududAPPENDIX 1: RECENT ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC udA1.1 Introduction udA1.2 Physical Oceanography udA1.3 Lower Trophic Levels udA1.4 Invertebrates udA1.5 Fishes udA1.6 ReferencesudududAPPENDIX 2: RECENT ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM udA2.1 Introduction udA2.2 Physical Oceanography udA2.3 Lower Trophic LevelsudA2.4 Invertebrates udA2.5 Fishes udA2.6 ReferencesudududAPPENDIX 3: RECENT ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN THE GULF OF ALASKA udA3.1 Introduction udA3.2 Physical Oceanography udA3.3 Lower Trophic Levels udA3.4 InvertebratesudA3.5 Fishes udA3.6 Higher Trophic Levels udA3.7 Coherence in Gulf of Alaska Fish udA3.8 Combined Standardized Indices of Recruitment and Survival Rate udA3.9 ReferencesudududAPPENDIX 4: RECENT ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN THE BERING SEA AND ALEUTIAN ISLANDS udA4.1 Introduction udA4.2 Bering Sea Environmental Variables and Physical Oceanography udA4.3 Bering Sea Lower Trophic Levels udA4.4 Bering Sea Invertebrates udA4.5 Bering Sea Fishes udA4.6 Bering Sea Higher Trophic Levels udA4.7 Coherence in Bering Sea Fish Responses udA4.8 Combined Standardized Indices of Bering Fish Recruitment and Survival Rate udA4.9 Aleutian Islands udA4.10 ReferencesudududAPPENDIX 5: RECENT ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC udA5.1 IntroductionudA5.2 Sea of Okhotsk udA5.3 Tsushima Current Region and Kuroshio/Oyashio Current Region udA5.4 Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China SeaudA5.5 Referencesudud(168 page document)