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National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) research highlights in the Chesapeake Bay

机译:切萨皮克湾国家沿海海洋科学中心(NCCOS)研究重点

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摘要

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in theudUnited States. It is a unique and valuable national treasureudbecause of its ecological, recreational, economicudand cultural benefits. The problems facing the Bay areudwell known and extensively documented, and are largelyudrelated to human uses of the watershed and resourcesudwithin the Bay. Over the past several decades as theudorigins of the Chesapeake’s problems became clear, citizensudgroups and Federal, State, and local governmentsudhave entered into agreements and worked together toudrestore the Bay’s productivity and ecological health.udIn May 2010, President Barack Obama signed ExecutiveudOrder number 13508 that tasked a team of Federaludagencies to develop a way forward in the protectionudand restoration of the Chesapeake watershed. Successudof both State and Federal efforts will depend on havingudrelevant, sound information regarding the ecology andudfunction of the system as the basis of management anduddecision making. In response to the executive order, theudNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’sudNational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)udhas compiled an overview of its research in ChesapeakeudBay watershed.udNCCOS has a long history of Chesapeake Bay research,udinvestigating the causes and consequences of changesudthroughout the watershed’s ecosystems. This documentudpresents a cross section of research results that have advanced the understanding of the structure and functionudof the Chesapeake and enabled the accurate and timelyudprediction of events with the potential to impact bothudhuman communities and ecosystems. There are three main focus areas: changes in land use patterns in the watershed and the related impacts on contaminant and pathogen distribution and concentrations; nutrient inputs and algal bloom events; and habitat use and life history patterns of species in the watershed.udLand use changes in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have dramatically changed how the system functions. Audcomparison of several subsystems within the Bay drainagesudhas shown that water quality is directly related to land use and how the land use affects ecosystem health of the rivers and streams that enter the Chesapeake Bay. Across the Chesapeake as a whole, the rivers that drain developed areas, such as the Potomac and James rivers, tend to have much more highly contaminated sediments than does the mainstem of the Bay itself. In addition to what might be considered traditional contaminants, such as hydrocarbons, new contaminants are appearing in measurable amounts. At fourteen sites studied in the Bay, thirteen different pharmaceuticals were detected. The impact of pharmaceuticals on organisms and the people who eat them is still unknown. The effects of water borne infections on people and marine life are known, however, and the exposure to certain bacteria is a significant health risk. A model is now available that predicts the likelihood of occurrence of a strain of bacteria known as Vibrio vulnificus throughout Bay waters.
机译:切萨皮克湾是美国最大的河口。由于其生态,娱乐,经济,文化优势,它是独特而宝贵的国宝。海湾面临的问题已广为人知并得到了广泛记载,并且与人类对海湾内流域和资源的使用有关。在过去的几十年中,切萨皮克(Chesapeake)问题的根源变得清晰起来,公民 udgroup与联邦,州和地方政府达成了协议,并共同努力恢复了海湾的生产力和生态健康。 ud2010年5月,总统巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)签署了行政命令 udOrder 13508,该命令责成一个联邦 uaged团队制定在保护和恢复切萨皮克(Chesapeake)分水岭方面的前进之路。州和联邦政府努力的成功与否将取决于拥有有关系统的生态和功能的,不相关的,健全的信息,以此作为管理和决策的基础。为响应行政命令,国家海洋与大气管理局国家海岸海洋科学中心( n)ud对切萨皮克 udBay流域的研究进行了概述。 udNCCOS在切萨皮克湾的研究历史悠久,对整个流域生态系统的变化的原因和后果进行调查。本文档呈现了一系列的研究结果,这些内容已加深了对切萨皮克犬的结构和功能 ud的理解,并能够对事件进行准确和及时的 udderd预测,可能会影响 udhuman社区和生态系统。有三个主要重点领域:流域土地利用方式的变化以及对污染物和病原体分布和浓度的相关影响;营养输入和藻华事件; ud切萨皮克湾流域的土地利用变化极大地改变了系统的功能。海湾排水系统中多个子系统的比较表明,水质与土地利用直接相关,土地利用方式如何影响切萨皮克湾的河流和溪流的生态系统健康。在整个切萨皮克地区,排泄发达地区的河流(例如波托马克河和詹姆斯河)往往比海湾本身的主干受到更多高度污染的沉积物。除了可能被认为是传统污染物(例如碳氢化合物)之外,新污染物的数量也可测量。在海湾研究的14个地点中,检测到13种不同的药品。药物对生物体和食用者的影响仍然未知。但是,水传播感染对人类和海洋生物的影响是已知的,并且暴露于某些细菌是重大的健康风险。现在有一个模型可以预测在整个海湾水域中被称为弧菌弧菌的菌株的可能性。

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