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Life Goals and Well-Being: Are Extrinsic Aspirations Always Detrimental to Well-Being?

机译:人生目标和幸福感:外在的愿望总是有害于幸福感吗?

摘要

Past research has revealed that relative importance a person places on extrinsic life goals as oposed to intrinsic ones is related to lower well-being. But sometimes it is more important why a goal is being pursued than the content of the goal. Materialistic aspirations will not decrease peopleu27s well-being if they help them to achieve basic financial security or some intrinsic goals. On the other hand, if social comparison or seeking power drives extrinsic orientation, these aspirations may be detrimental for well-being, since they do not satisfy satisfy our basic psychological needs. Research from Croatia and other, less rich countries suggest that extrinsic aspirations are not necessarily deterimental but may even contribute to well-being. This finding suggests that various factors can moderate the relationship between aspirations and well-being. Intrinsic life goals may probably be affordable only for people who are well off enough. The meaning of financial success in transitional and poor countries may not necesseraly be associated with purchase and consumption. On the contrary, it may bring opportunities and possibilities of self-expression and self-growth. Individualistic societies allow individuals to pursue their intrinsic goals while collectivistic cultures stress extrinsic ones. Although this extrinsic orientation may detract their well-being, the sense of individual well-being may not be as important to them as the survival of the group they belong to or so called social well-being.
机译:过去的研究表明,相对于内在目标,一个人在外在生活目标上的相对重要性与较低的幸福感有关。但是有时追求目标比目标的内容更为重要。唯物主义的愿望如果能帮助人们实现基本的财务安全或某些内在目标,就不会降低他们的福祉。另一方面,如果社会比较或寻求权力驱动了外部取向,则这些愿望可能不利于幸福,因为它们不能满足我们的基本心理需求。克罗地亚和其他较不富裕国家的研究表明,外在愿望不一定具有威慑力,甚至可能有助于福祉。这一发现表明,各种因素可以缓解渴望与幸福之间的关系。内在的生活目标可能仅对那些足够富裕的人负担得起。在转型国家和贫穷国家,财务成功的含义可能不一定与购买和消费相关。相反,它可能带来自我表达和自我成长的机会和可能性。个人主义社会允许个人追求自己的内在目标,而集体主义文化则强调外在目标。尽管这种外在取向可能会损害他们的幸福感,但个人幸福感对他们而言并不像他们所属群体的生存或所谓的社会幸福感那么重要。

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