BackgroundudUsing a unique, longitudinal survey that follows school-to-work transitions of pupils who participated in PISA 2000, this paper investigates adverse consequences, so-called scarring effects, of early unemployment among young adults who acquired vocational credentials in Switzerland.ududMethodsudAs social, individual and contextual factors influence both early unemployment and later employment outcomes, taking into account endogeneity is of utmost importance when investigating scarring effects. In this regard we make use of nearest-neighbour propensity score matching and set up statistical control groups.ududResultsudOur results suggest that young adults who hold vocational credentials are more likely to be neither in employment nor in education, and to earn less and be more dissatisfied with their career progress later in work life than they would be, had they not experienced early unemployment.ududConclusionsudWe conclude that unemployment scarring also affects young adults with vocational credentials in a liberal labour market setting that otherwise allows for smooth school-to-work transitions. This finding runs counter to expectations that standardised vocational degrees, a liberal and flexible labour market structure, and predominantly short unemployment spells protect young skilled workers from scarring in case they happen to experience early career instability.
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机译：背景本文使用了一项独特的纵向调查，该调查追踪了参加PISA 2000的学生从学校到工作的过渡，该调查调查了在瑞士获得职业资格证书的年轻人的早期失业的不良后果，即所谓的疤痕形成效应。 ud udMethods ud由于社会因素，个人因素和背景因素都会影响早期失业和后期就业结果，因此在调查疤痕效应时，考虑到内生性至关重要。在这方面，我们利用最近邻的倾向得分匹配，并建立了统计对照组。 ud ud结果 ud我们的结果表明，拥有职业资格证书的年轻人更有可能既不在就业中也未受过教育，也没有赚钱的机会。 ud ud结论 ud我们得出的结论是，失业疤痕还会影响在自由劳动力市场中具有职业资格的年轻人，否则，他们在工作生活中的职业发展将比在工作生活中晚些时候要少得多，也更加不满意。允许从学校到工作的平稳过渡。这一发现与人们期望的标准化职业程度，自由和灵活的劳动力市场结构以及主要是短暂的失业法令相抵触，使年轻的技术工人在碰巧遇到职业早期不稳定的情况下不会留下疤痕。
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