Variation in canopy openness and light transmission following selection cutting in northern hardwood stands: an assessment based on hemispherical photographs

摘要

The objective of this study was to determine how canopy openness (CO) and light transmission are affected by selection cutting, and how they vary over time following harvesting in northern hardwood stands. We sampled five sugar maple - yellow birch - beech (Acer saccharum - Betula alleghaniensis - Fagus grandifolia) stands in QueÌ