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Home advantage in the Winter Olympics (1908-1998).

机译:冬季奥运会(1908-1998)的主场优势。

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摘要

We obtained indices of home advantage, based on the medals won by competing nations, for each event held at the Winter Olympics from 1908 to 1998. These indices were designed to assess home advantage while controlling for nation strength, changes in the number of medals on offer and the performance of 'non-hosting' nations. Some evidence of home advantage was found in figure skating, freestyle skiing, ski jumping, alpine skiing and short track speed skating. In contrast, little or no home advantage was observed in ice hockey, Nordic combined, Nordic skiing, bobsled, luge, biathlon or speed skating. When all events were combined, a significant home advantage was observed (P = 0.029), although no significant differences in the extent of home advantage were found between events (P > 0.05). When events were grouped according to whether they were subjectively assessed by judges, significantly greater home advantage was observed in the subjectively assessed events (P = 0.037). This was a reflection of better home performances, suggesting that judges were scoring home competitors disproportionately higher than away competitors. Familiarity with local conditions was shown to have some effect, particularly in alpine skiing, although the bobsled and luge showed little or no advantage over other events. Regression analysis showed that the number of time zones and direction of travel produced no discernible trends or differences in performance.
机译:我们根据竞争国家赢得的奖牌,获得了1908年至1998年冬季奥运会每项赛事的主场优势指数。这些指数旨在评估主场优势,同时控制国家实力,奖牌数量的变化。提议和“非东道国”的表现。在花样滑冰,自由式滑雪,跳台滑雪,高山滑雪和短道速滑中发现了家庭优势的一些证据。相反,在冰球,北欧组合,北欧滑雪,雪橇,雪橇,冬季两项或速滑项目中,很少发现或没有主场优势。当所有事件合并时,观察到显着的主场优势(P = 0.029),尽管各事件之间没有发现主场优势程度的显着差异(P> 0.05)。当根据事件是否由法官进行主观评估将事件分组时,在主观评估事件中观察到明显更多的主场优势(P = 0.037)。这反映了更好的家庭表现,这表明法官对家庭竞争者的得分比客场竞争者高得多。尽管对雪橇和雪橇相比于其他事件没有或几乎没有优势,但对当地条件的熟悉已显示出一定的效果,特别是在高山滑雪中。回归分析表明,时区数量和行进方向不会产生明显的趋势或性能差异。

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