Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors

摘要

Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors in 'Particle Detectors and Detector Systems', part of 'Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Volume 21B1: Detectors for Particles and Radiation. Part 1: Principles and Methods'. This document is part of Part 1 'Principles and Methods' of Subvolume B 'Detectors for Particles and Radiation' of Volume 21 'Elementary Particles' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I 'Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms'. It contains the Section '3.3 Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors' of Chapter '3 Particle Detectors and Detector Systems' with the content: 3.3 Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Time of Flight Measurements 3.3.2.1 Scintillator hodoscopes 3.3.2.2 Parallel plate ToF detectors 3.3.3 Cherenkov Radiation 3.3.3.1 Refractive index 3.3.3.2 Cherenkov Radiators 3.3.3.2.1 Quartz Radiators 3.3.3.2.2 Aerogel Radiators 3.3.3.2.3 Fluids as Radiators 3.3.3.3 Threshold Cherenkov Detectors 3.3.3.4 Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors 3.3.3.4.1 Photo sensitive vapours 3.3.3.4.2 CsI photo cathode 3.3.3.4.3 Vacuum based photon detectors 3.3.3.5 Optics 3.3.3.5.1 Proximity focusing 3.3.3.5.2 Focusing mirrors 3.3.3.6 The reflective surface 3.3.3.6.1 Mirror imaging quality 3.3.3.7 Ring finding and Particle Identification 3.3.4 Transition Radiation Detectors 3.3.4.1 Plasma Frequency 3.3.4.2 Formation Zone 3.3.4.3 Transition Radiation Detectors 3.3.4.3.1 Optical Transition Radiation Detectors 3.3.4.3.2 X-ray Transition Radiation Detectors 3.3.4.3.3 X-ray Detectors 3.3.4.3.4 ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker 3.3.4.3.5 ALICE Transition Radiation Detector