The study examined barriers and key criteria for enhancing strategic project management application in the execution of Research and Development (R and D) projects in Nigerian public research organisations. Given the economic and social challenge in R and D projects, a multi-methodology consisting of quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed. A total of 213 questionnaires were used and 20 senior practitioners interviewed. The findings revealed that organisational culture such as employee’s behaviour, civil service procedures, operational routines and lack of knowledge in strategic project management (SPM), organisations routines were the significant barriers to the application of SPM. Strategies for addressing the barriers and enhancing SPM application were identified to include: proper definition of projects, use of project team approach, stakeholder’s involvement enhanced, using the problem-driven-approach to select projects and employee’s motivation.
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