Is the real world something more than the world of our experience? Relations between Neo-Darwinism, transcendental philosophy and cognitive sciences

摘要

The question I will deal with concerns the nature of the phylogenetically acquired knowledge and the assumptions of Biological Evolutionary Epistemology. EE constitutes a direct extension of the Synthetic Theory of Evolution and supposes, that (1) some external world exists and that; (2) knowledge about the external world has been shaped by the external world itself, i.e. through natural selection. If Evolutionary Epistemology accepts the evolution as a fact and admits the influence of the natural selection on the formation of living organisms (among it their cognition), the speculations of constructivism and of subjective or transcendental idealism are not defensible. The ontological status of logic and mathematics will be discussed from an evolutionary point of view as well.