Sepak takraw is a traditional sport in Asia in which the players use various parts of their bodies to hit the ball, with the exception of their hands. Unlike other sports such as soccer, boxing, and rugby, it is observed that none of the studies in the literature have examined the injuries resulting from the impact of the sepak takraw ball on the players’ heads during a game. This study was initiated following the incidents of the 24th SEA Games in Korat, Thailand, in year 2007, whereby a number of players from the Malaysian Sepak Takraw Association (PSM) had to withdraw themselves from the championship. These players suffered from headaches which were believed to be caused by the impact of the sepak takraw ball, considering the fact that heading is one of the basic movements used to hit the ball. Moreover, it is expected that the sepak takraw ball travels at high velocities during the game. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the sepak takraw ball and its corresponding level of head injury among sepak takraw players in Malaysia by means of numerical simulations and experiments. In order to achieve this objective, a model of the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid and brain is first developed and simulations are then carried out using finite element analysis (FEA) software. The results show that the maximum speed of the sepak takraw ball before heading is 13.581 m/s while the maximum impact force on the head obtained from the simulations is 688.11 N. The maximum displacement and maximum linear acceleration of the brain’s centre of gravity is found to be 0.0080 m and 1674.5 m/s2, respectively, while the head impact power (HIP) is determined to be 11.366 kW. According to Newman et al. (2000), the probability of concussion is 39% and based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the players may suffer from mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) due to the high impact of the sepak takraw ball during heading. Hence, it is recommended that the players wear protective headbands to reduce the impact during heading and prevent the occurrence of MTBI in the long term.
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机译：藤球是亚洲的一项传统运动，运动员除了双手以外，还用身体的各个部位击球。与足球，拳击和橄榄球等其他体育运动不同，据观察，文献中没有一项研究检查在比赛期间藤球藤球对运动员头部的撞击所造成的伤害。这项研究是在2007年在泰国呵叻举行的第24届SEA运动会之后发起的，根据该事件，马来西亚Sepak Takraw协会（PSM）的许多选手不得不退出锦标赛。考虑到头球是用来击球的基本动作之一，这些球员遭受的头痛被认为是由藤球打击引起的。而且，期望在比赛期间藤球藤球以高速运动。因此，本研究的目的是通过数值模拟和实验研究马来西亚藤球球员对藤球的影响及其相应的头部受伤程度。为了实现此目标，首先开发了头皮，头骨，脑脊髓液和大脑的模型，然后使用有限元分析（FEA）软件进行了模拟。结果表明，藤球拍击前的最大速度为13.581 m / s，而通过模拟获得的对头部的最大冲击力为688.11N。发现了大脑重心的最大位移和最大线性加速度分别为0.0080 m和1674.5 m / s2，而头部冲击功率（HIP）确定为11.366 kW。据纽曼等。 （2000年），脑震荡的可能性为39％，根据本研究的结果，可以得出结论，由于藤蔓藤球在击球过程中的高冲击力，球员可能遭受轻度的颅脑外伤（MTBI）。 。因此，建议运动员戴上保护性的头带，以减少在前进过程中的撞击并长期防止MTBI的发生。
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