Construction of the sunpath diagrams for Pekan area for simulating the solar radiation effects to a building

摘要

This thesis deals with the sun is a valuable source that provided to the earth because the sun produce renewable energy and do not pollute the surroundings. However, the sun can create the problem to the population of the earth. Extreme heat produced by the sun radiate directly to the building and may cause lower energy efficiency. This study concentrates on the solar geometry and constructing of sunpath diagram for Pekan Area by simulating the solar radiation that the effect of a building. Pekan, Pahang is taken as my reference location at a latitude 3o 29‟ North for construct sunpath diagram. There are parameters used for constructing a diagram which is the latitude of the object, declination angle, altitude angle, azimuth angle and hour angle. The sunpath diagram is a way of representing annual changes in the path of the sun through the sky on a single 2D diagram. Based on the sunpath diagram of Pekan Area, shows the altitude angle is highest at the 21st of March in the northern hemisphere, it is also same for September, 21st at southern hemisphere. It is because the sun is directly in line with the equator, it is called as the equinox, where the declination angle for equinox is equal to zero. The equinox occurs when the sun crosses the equator in which day and night are of the same length. Different for in June, 21st and December 21st is a minimum altitude angle at northern and southern hemisphere. The declination angle for both months is the maximum and minimum 23.45o . Summer solstice occurs when northern hemisphere gets more daylight longer than a night, meanwhile winter solstice occurs when southern hemisphere gets more night time rather than daytime. There are many applications for sunpath diagram can be used by architect or engineers. For the example, they can use the sunpath diagram to calculate the solar radiation that radiates the building and how to control. Hence, the sunpath diagram can be used to find the best position for Solar Photovoltaic Cell and Solar Panel, window shading and water solar heating system.