Nonlinearities in the reflection and transmission spectra of the photonic bandgap heterostructures with n–i–p–i crystals

摘要

Nonlinear optical properties of photonic crystal heterostructures with embeddedn–i–p–i superlattices are investigated. Self-consistent calculations of the transmission andreflection spectra near the defect mode are performed using the transfer-matrix method andtaking into account the gain saturation. Analysis of features and output characteristics is carriedout for one-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure amplifiers in the GaAs–GaInPsystem having at the central part an active “defect” from doubled GaAs n–i–p–i crystal layers.The gain saturation in the active layers in the vicinity of the defect changes the indexcontrast of the photonic structure and makes worse the emission at the defect mode. Spectralbistability effect, which can be exhibited in photonic crystal heterostructure amplifiers, ispredicted and the hysteresis loop and other attending phenomena are described. The bistabilitybehavior and modulation response efficiency demonstrate the potential possibilities ofthe photonic crystal heterostructures with n–i–p–i layers as high-speed optical amplifiers andswitches.