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LIGO and the opening of a unique observational window on the universe

机译:LIGO和宇宙上独特的观察窗的开启

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摘要

A unique window on the universe opened on September 14, 2015, with direct detection of gravitational waves by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. This event culminated a half-century effort around the globe to develop terrestrial detectors of adequate sensitivity to achieve this goal. It also happened appropriately only a few months before the centennial of Einstein’s final paper introducing the general theory of relativity. This detection provided the surprising discovery of a coalescing pair of “heavy” black holes (more massive than ≃ 25 M_๏) leading to the formation of a spinning ≃ 62 solar mass black hole. One more binary black-hole detection and a significant candidate event demonstrated that a population of such merging binaries is formed in nature with a broad mass spectrum. This unique observational sample has already provided concrete measurements on the coalescence rates and has allowed us to test the theory of general relativity in the strong-field regime. As this nascent field of gravitational-wave astrophysics is emerging we are looking forward to the detection of binary mergers involving neutron stars and their electromagnetic counterparts, as well as continuous-wave sources, supernovae, a stochastic confusion background of compact-object mergers, known sources detected in unexpected ways, and completely unknown sources.
机译:2015年9月14日,打开了一个关于宇宙的独特窗口,可通过高级激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)探测器直接探测引力波。这一事件在全球进行了半个世纪的努力,最终开发出具有足够灵敏度的地面探测器以实现这一目标。这也恰好发生在爱因斯坦发表有关广义相对论的最后论文发表一百周年之前的几个月。这一发现提供了令人惊讶的发现,即成对的“重”黑洞(质量大于25 M_๏),导致形成旋转的≃62太阳质量黑洞。另一个二进制黑洞检测和一个重要的候选事件表明,这种合并的二进制文件在自然界中形成,并具有较宽的质谱范围。这个独特的观测样本已经为凝聚速率提供了具体的测量方法,并使我们能够测试强场状态下的广义相对论。随着引力波天体物理学这个新兴领域的兴起,我们期待发现涉及中子星及其电磁对应物的二元合并,以及连续波源,超新星,这是紧凑物体合并的随机混淆背景,众所周知以意外方式检测到的源,以及完全未知的源。

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