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Damped-driven granular chains: An ideal playground for dark breathers and multibreathers

机译:阻尼驱动的颗粒链:深色呼吸器和多呼吸器的理想游乐场

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摘要

By applying an out-of-phase actuation at the boundaries of a uniform chain of granular particles, we demonstrate experimentally that time-periodic and spatially localized structures with a nonzero background (so-called dark breathers) emerge for a wide range of parameter values and initial conditions. We demonstrate a remarkable control over the number of breathers within the multibreather pattern that can be “dialed in” by varying the frequency or amplitude of the actuation. The values of the frequency (or amplitude) where the transition between different multibreather states occurs are predicted accurately by the proposed theoretical model, which is numerically shown to support exact dark breather and multibreather solutions. Moreover, we visualize detailed temporal and spatial profiles of breathers and, especially, of multibreathers using a full-field probing technology and enable a systematic favorable comparison among theory, computation, and experiments. A detailed bifurcation analysis reveals that the dark and multibreather families are connected in a “snaking” pattern, providing a roadmap for the identification of such fundamental states and their bistability in the laboratory.
机译:通过在均匀的颗粒颗粒链的边界上应用异相驱动,我们通过实验证明了具有非零背景的时间周期和空间局部结构(所谓的“暗呼吸”)会出现在较大的参数值范围内和初始条件。我们展示了对多呼吸模式中呼吸器数量的显着控制,可以通过改变致动频率或幅度来“拨入”。所提出的理论模型可准确预测不同多呼吸状态之间发生过渡的频率(或振幅)值,该模型通过数字显示可支持精确的黑呼吸和多呼吸解决方案。此外,我们使用全场探测技术可视化了呼吸器(尤其是多呼吸器)的详细时空分布,并实现了理论,计算和实验之间的系统性比较。详细的分叉分析表明,暗呼吸和多呼吸家族以“蛇行”模式连接在一起,为确定此类基本状态及其在实验室中的双稳态提供了路线图。

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