A stochastic expected value model and its deterministic conversion are developed to formulate a two-stage stochastic capacitated location-allocation (LA) problem in emergency logistics; that is, the number and capacities of supply centers are both decision variables. To solve these models, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with the Gaussian cloud operator, the Restart strategy, and the adaptive parameter strategy is developed. The algorithm is integrated with the interior point method to solve the second-stage model. The numerical example proves the effectiveness and efficiency of the conversion method for the stochastic model and the proposed strategies that improve the algorithm.
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