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Nebular emission-line profiles of Type Ib/c supernovae – probing the ejecta asphericity

机译:Ib / c型超新星的星云发射线剖面图–探测喷射的非球面性

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摘要

In order to assess qualitatively the ejecta geometry of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe), we investigate 98 late-time spectra of 39 objects, many of them previously unpublished. We perform a Gauss-fitting of the [O i] λλ6300, 6364 feature in all spectra, with the position, full width at half maximum and intensity of the λ6300 Gaussian as free parameters, and the λ6364 Gaussian added appropriately to account for the doublet nature of the [O i] feature. On the basis of the best-fitting parameters, the objects are organized into morphological classes, and we conclude that at least half of all Type Ib/c SNe must be aspherical. Bipolar jet models do not seem to be universally applicable, as we find too few symmetric double-peaked [O i] profiles. In some objects, the [O i] line exhibits a variety of shifted secondary peaks or shoulders, interpreted as blobs of matter ejected at high velocity and possibly accompanied by neutron-star kicks to assure momentum conservation. At phases earlier than ∼200 d, a systematic blueshift of the [O i] λλ6300, 6364 line centroids can be discerned. Residual opacity provides the most convincing explanation of this phenomenon, photons emitted on the rear side of the SN being scattered or absorbed on their way through the ejecta. Once modified to account for the doublet nature of the oxygen feature, the profile of Mg i] λ4571 at sufficiently late phases generally resembles that of [O i] λλ6300, 6364 , suggesting negligible contamination from other lines and confirming that O and Mg are similarly distributed within the ejecta.
机译:为了定性评估剥离包层核塌陷超新星(SNe)的喷射几何形状,我们研究了39个物体的98个后期光谱,其中许多先前未公开。我们在所有光谱中对[O i] λλ6300、6364特征进行高斯拟合,将位置,半高全宽和λ6300高斯强度作为自由参数,并适当添加了λ6364高斯以说明双峰[O i]功能的性质。根据最合适的参数,将对象组织为形态学类别,并且我们得出结论,所有Ib / c型SNe中至少有一半必须是非球面的。双极射流模型似乎并不普遍适用,因为我们发现对称双峰[O i]轮廓太少。在某些物体中,[O i]线表现出各种偏移的次级峰或肩峰,被解释为以高速度喷出的物质斑点,并可能伴有中子星踢以确保动量守恒。在约200 d之前的相位,可以识别出[O i]λλ6300的系统蓝移,6364线质心。残留的不透明性提供了对此现象的最令人信服的解释,SN背面发射的光子在通过喷头的途中被散射或吸收。一旦进行了修改以考虑到氧特征的双重性质,Mg i]λ4571在足够晚的阶段的轮廓通常类似于[O i]λλ6300,6364的轮廓,表明来自其他谱线的污染可忽略不计,并确认O和Mg类似分布在弹射器内。

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