Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) is a methodology that incorporatesdesired performance levels into the design process. Performance in PBEE can be expressedin economic terms, or as elapsed downtime, or in terms of life and building safetyobjectives. These performance objectives are relevant to various types of stakeholders.They should be addressed in building loss estimation procedures because after anearthquake, the repair cost will not be the only "loss" suffered by building stakeholders. Ina sizeable earthquake, there will likely also be some losses due to business interruptionduring the repair effort, building closure taken as a post-earthquake safety precaution, andhuman casualties caused by building failures during the seismic event.An analytical approach for PBEE is developed and implemented to evaluate theperformance of a new reinforced-concrete moment-frame office building. The PBEEapproach used is consistent with the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER)center's modular framework, which is divided into four core analytical stages: hazardanalysis, structural analysis, damage analysis, and loss analysis. Future losses of thebuilding are uncertain because they depend on uncertain quantities, such as the shakingintensity of the earthquake, the mechanical properties of the facility, and the uncertaindamageability and unit repair costs of the facility. An analytical approach is developed topropagate these uncertainties. This work presents the mathematical foundation for thedamage and loss analyses, and a description of its implementation into software. Theresults from running this software on multiple design variants of the building are presented,viiiincluding seismic vulnerabilities as a function of shaking intensity and correspondingexpected annual losses.The methodology developed and implemented in this work estimates the direct economiclosses due to repair costs as well as two types of indirect economic losses, those producedby building downtime and by human fatalities. A procedure for a virtual inspection is usedto assess the safety of buildings, based on current damage assessment guidelines.Additionally, a model is established to estimate human fatalities caused by the partial andglobal collapse of buildings, using probabilities of fatality based on relevant empirical dataand the results of the virtual inspection process. A simplified methodology is presented forestimating building downtime after seismic events, including mobilization delays beforeconstruction begins and the elapsed time needed to repair damaged building components.The losses due to downtime and human fatalities are then added to the building repair costin order to estimate the total building loss, which is then used to perform a benefit-costanalysis of the benchmark building. The work presented, is to our knowledge, the mostfaithful attempt to estimate the main decision variables (termed the 3 Ds-dollars, deaths,and downtime), proposed by PEER and the ATC-58 Project for performance assessment ofstructures.
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