The thermal decomposition behavior of olive hydroxytyrosol (HT) was first studied using thermogravimetry (TG). Cracked chemical bond and evolved gas analysis during the thermal decomposition process of HT were also investigated using thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Thermogravimetry-Differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) curves revealed that the thermal decomposition of HT began at 262.8 °C and ended at 409.7 °C with a main mass loss. It was demonstrated that a high heating rate (over 20 K·min−1) restrained the thermal decomposition of HT, resulting in an obvious thermal hysteresis. Furthermore, a thermal decomposition kinetics investigation of HT indicated that the non-isothermal decomposition mechanism was one-dimensional diffusion (D1), integral form g(x) = x2, and differential form f(x) = 1/(2x). The four combined approaches were employed to calculate the activation energy (E = 128.50 kJ·mol−1) and Arrhenius preexponential factor (ln A = 24.39 min−1). In addition, a tentative mechanism of HT thermal decomposition was further developed. The results provide a theoretical reference for the potential thermal stability of HT.
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