Most series battery active equalization circuits implement the equalization first within the series and then between the series, which restricts the equilibrium speed. A hierarchical equalization circuit topology based on the Buck-Boost module is applied in this paper. The equalization is divided into two different equalization processes according to the equilibrium energy flow. The two equalization processes can be performed simultaneously, and the currents in the different hierarchical circuits do not affect each other, thus achieving simultaneous equalizations within the series and between the series. An equalization condition of the terminal voltage is applied and simulations and experiments on charge, discharge, and static equalizations in the four series-connected ternary lithium-ion batteries are performed.
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