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Temporal changes in genetic diversity and forage yield of perennial ryegrass in monoculture and in combination with red clover in swards

机译:单一栽培中常年黑麦草遗传多样性及饲料产量的临时变化,并与喷淋红三叶草组合

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摘要

Agricultural grasslands are often cultivated as mixtures of grasses and legumes, and an extensive body of literature is available regarding interspecific interactions, and how these relate to yield and agronomic performance. However, knowledge of the impact of intraspecific diversity on grassland functioning is scarce. We investigated these effects during a 4-year field trial established with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). We simulated different levels of intraspecific functional diversity by sowing single cultivars or by combining cultivars with contrasting growth habits, in monospecific or bispecific settings (i.e. perennial ryegrass whether or not in combination with red clover). Replicate field plots were established for seven seed compositions. We determined yield parameters and monitored differences in genetic diversity in the ryegrass component among seed compositions, and temporal changes in the genetic composition and genetic diversity at the within plot level. The composition of cultivars of both species affected the yield and species abundance. In general, the presence of clover had a positive effect on the yield. The cultivar composition of the ryegrass component had a significant effect on the yield, both in monoculture, and in combination with clover. For the genetic analyses, we validated empirically that genotyping-by-sequencing of pooled samples (pool-GBS) is a suitable method for accurate measurement of population allele frequencies, and obtained a dataset of 22,324 SNPs with complete data. We present a method to investigate the temporal dynamics of cultivars in seed mixtures grown under field conditions, and show how cultivar abundances vary during subsequent years. We screened the SNP panel for outlier loci, putatively under selection during the cultivation period, but none were detected.
机译:农业草原通常被培养为草地和豆类的混合物,以及各种各样的互动,以及这些互动的广泛的文献,以及这些与产量和农艺表现有关。然而,了解内部内部多样性对草地功能的影响是稀缺的。我们在与多年生黑麦草(Lolium Perenne)和红三叶草(Trifolium Praatense)建立的4年的现场试验中调查了这些影响。我们通过播种单一品种或通过将品种与对比的生长习惯组合在一起的单特异性或双特异性设置(即多年生黑麦草,无论是否与红三叶草组合),模拟不同水平的内脏功能多样性。为七种种子组合物建立了复制场图。我们确定了种子组合物中RyegRass组分中遗传多样性的产量参数和监测差异,以及遗传成分和遗传多样性在绘图水平内的遗传多样性。两种物种的品种组成影响了产量和物种丰富。通常,三叶草的存在对产率具有积极影响。 Ryegrass组分的栽培种组成对单一栽培中的产率和三叶草组合具有显着影响。对于遗传分析,我们经验验证了汇集样品的基因分型(池-GBS)是用于精确测量种群等位基因频率的合适方法,并获得了具有完整数据的22,324个SNP的数据集。我们提出了一种探讨在现场条件下种植的种子混合物中品种的时间动态的方法,并展示了品种丰度如何在随后的几年变化。我们在培养期间屏蔽了异常锁上的SNP面板,在选择期间,未检测到。

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