Inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at extreme conditions: high temperatures and high pressures

摘要

In this article, we review the present status of experimental techniques under extreme conditions of high temperatureudand high pressure used for inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) experiments of liquid metals, semiconductors,udmolten salts, molecular liquids, and supercritical water and methanol. For high temperature experiments,udsome types of single-crystal sapphire cells were designed depending on the temperature of interest and theudsample thickness for the X-ray transmission. Single-crystal diamond X-ray windows attached to the externallyudheated high-pressure vessel were used for the IXS experiment of supercritical water and methanol. Someudtypical experimental results are also given, and the perspective of IXS technique under extreme conditions isuddiscussed.