Медико-экологические последствия химических аварий при транспортировке больших объёмов токсических веществ и совершенствование системы их предупреждения

摘要

In the work presented the authors give retrospective clinical - and - hygienic and ecological -and - toxicological analysis of the consequences of the two largest chemical accidents with an inflammation of the cargo. The accident took place at transportation of large volumes of toxic substances by automobile. The first accident had happened during herbicide tephlane (triphluraline) transit transportation in the boundaries of Kiev. At first 24 hours after the accident 10 % of the quitters showed increase of metHb from 4,76 till 17 % in a day, its level went to norma and in 25 % of cases there were aggravation of chronic somatic pathology. The second accident was that with technical bromide. Analysis of the reasons of the named accidents allowed to improve algorithm of hygienists, toxicologists and clinicians actions during medical - and - hygienic monitoring of the environment and population in the foci.