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The Spill Over of Crime from Urban Centers: An Account of the Changing Spatial Distribution of Violent Crime in Guyana

机译:从城市中心犯下犯罪:圭亚那暴力犯罪的空间分布不断变化的叙述

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摘要

As the rate of crime decelerates in the developed world, the opposite phenomenon is being observed in the developing world, including Latin America and the Caribbean. Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean has been concentrated in urban settings, but the expertise for studying crime and providing guidance on policing remain heavily rooted in the developed world. A hindrance to studying crime in the developing world is the difficulty in obtaining official data, allowing for generalizations on where crime is concentrated to persist. This paper tackles two challenges facing crime analysis in the developing world: the availability of data and an examination of whether crime is concentrated in urban settings. We utilized newspaper archival data to study the spatial distribution of crime in Guyana, South America, across the landscape, and in relation to rural indigenous villages. Three spatial analysis tools, hotspot analysis, mean center, and standard deviation ellipse were used to examine the changing distribution of crime across 20 years. Based on 3900 reports of violent crime, our analyses suggest that the center of the gravity of crime changed over the years, spilling over to indigenous peoples’ landscapes. An examination of murder, where firearms and bladed weapons were the weapons of choice, suggests that these weapons moved beyond the coastal zone. The movement of weapons away from the coast raises concerns for the security of indigenous peoples and their associated wildlife. Our analysis suggests that policing measures should seek to extend towards Amerindian landscapes, and this is perhaps indicative of Latin American states with demographics similar to Guyana’s.
机译:随着发达国家减速的犯罪率,在发展中国家和加勒比地区在内的发展中国家正在观察到相反的现象。拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的犯罪已经集中在城市环境中,但研究犯罪和提供政策指导的专业知识仍然扎根于发达国家。在发展中国家学习犯罪的障碍是获得官方数据的困难,允许犯罪集中持续存在的概括。本文解决了发展中国家面临的两项面临犯罪分析的挑战:数据的可用性和审查犯罪是否集中在城市环境中。我们利用了报纸档案数据来研究犯罪犯罪的空间分布,南美洲,横跨景观,以及与农村土着村庄有关。三个空间分析工具,热点分析,平均中心和标准偏差椭圆用于审查20年来犯罪分配的分配。根据3900份暴力犯罪报告,我们的分析表明,犯罪重力的中心多年来变化,泄漏了土着人民的景观。谋杀案的审查,枪支和牛皮武器是选择武器的武器,表明这些武器超越了沿海地区。远离海岸的武器的运动提出了土着人民和相关野生动物的安全的担忧。我们的分析表明,警务措施应寻求向阿米林印第安人景观扩展,这也许是拉丁美洲国家,具有与圭亚那类似的人口统计学。

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