Curvas de absorción de nutrimentos para tres variedades de lirios (lilium sp.) y afinamiento del programa de fertilización en una finca comercial en Heredia, Costa Rica

摘要

Nutrient absorption curves in three lily(Lillium sp.) varieties and optimization of afertilization program in a commercial farmin Heredia, Costa Rica. The fertilizer programwas evaluated and optimized in a lily commercialfarm, after the development of nutrient absorptioncurves in the varieties Brunello, Algarve andAlma Ata. The lily plants were separated intoorgans to evaluate the fresh and dry at 80oCweights, every 15 days, in 3 plants per variety.Dry tissues underwent concentration analysis toobtain the nutrient absorption. Based on nutrientabsorption curves 5 fertilization treatmentswere designed: a treatment that consisted in thefertilization program of the commercial farm;the requirement treatment; which included onlywhat the plant absorbs; an adjusted treatment,a treatment without any granular application;and the control. These treatments were appliedto the Siberia variety during the growing cycle.The absorption curves showed that most of thenutrients are provided by the bulb during the first4 weeks of a total cycle of 12 to 14 weeks. Thecontents of N, P and K in the bulbs at the momentof planting ranged from 144-178, 19-28 and 160- 174 mg.bulb-1, respectively, while for a production of 66 (Alma Ata) and 72 (Brunello and Algarve) shoots.m-2 the aerial part of the plant consumed 15-18, 1.2-1.6 and 26.7-40.3 g.m-2, respectively. In all varieties, the highest absorption of N, P and K occurred at the end of the life cycle. Therequirement treatment did not show significantdifferences from the treatment of the commercialfarm, presenting the same level of production andquality; also, it produced the highest number ofmedium and large size plant with a commercialvalue. The requirement and adjusted treatmentsshowed the highest number of large buttons(>5 cm). Foliar applications of fertilizers provedto be important, mainly because the treatmentwithout any granular fertilizer application hadthe highest percentage (56%) of bulbs andadventitious roots with the best appearance.