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Optimizing the Grouting Design for Groundwater Inrush Control in Completely Weathered Granite Tunnel: An Experimental and Field Investigation

机译:完全风化花岗岩隧道地下水浪涌控制的灌浆设计:实验和现场调查

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摘要

Groundwater and mud inrush disaster from completely weathered granite presents a huge difficulty for tunnel construction, which requires the grouting measurement with favorable performance. To propose the optimal material parameters for grouting, numerous tests, including strength, permeability, and anti-washout, were conducted to evaluate the effects of grouting filling ratio (GFR), curing age and water velocity on the grouting effect. The test results show that: (1) The hydraulic property of completely weathered granite can be significantly improved by increasing the grouting volume and curing age. In particular, when GFR ≥ 48%, the cohesion and internal friction angle increased to about 200 kPa and 30°, which were more than three and ten times of that pre-grouting. (2) With the increase of GFR, the permeability exhibited three stages: Slowly decreasing stage, sharply decreasing stage and stable stage. When increased from 32% to 48%, the permeability coefficient sharply decreased two orders of magnitude, namely from 4.05 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−7 cm/s. (3) The particle erosion rate decreased sharply to below 10% in the low water velocity (v ≤ 0.2 m/s) when GFR ≥ 48%, but still exceeded 50% when v ≥ 0.4m/s. The results indicated that the grouting volume of GFR = 48% was a suitable grouting parameter to reinforce the completely weathered granite, particularly in the low water velocity condition. The field investigation of hydraulic-mechanical behaviors in the Junchang tunnel indicated that the grouting effect can be improved markedly.
机译:地下水和泥浆涌入完全被风化的花岗岩呈巨大困难,需要具有良好性能的灌浆测量。为了提出用于灌浆的最佳材料参数,进行了许多测试,包括强度,渗透性和抗冲洗,以评估灌浆填充比(GFR),固化年龄和水速度对灌浆效果的影响。测试结果表明:(1)通过增加灌浆体积和固化年龄,可以显着提高完全风化花岗岩的液压性能。特别是,当GFR≥48%时,内聚力和内部摩擦角度增加到约200kPa和30°,这是该预灌浆的三倍和十倍。 (2)随着GFR的增加,渗透性表现出三个阶段:缓慢降低阶段,剧烈降低阶段和稳定的阶段。当从32%增加到48%时,渗透系数急剧下降了两个数量级,即4.05×10-5cm / s至1×10-7cm / s。 (3)当GFR≥48%时,颗粒侵蚀速率急剧下降至低于水速度(v≤0.2米)的低于10%,但≥0.4m/ s时仍然超过50%。结果表明,GFR = 48%的灌浆体积是适当的灌浆参数,以加强完全风化的花岗岩,特别是在低水速度条件下。 Junchang隧道液压机械行为的现场调查表明,灌浆效果可以显着改善。

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