Anthropoghenic soil contamination connected with activeudmines, smelting and plants in the Republic of Macedonia

摘要

A few anthropogenic pollutants at the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, were studied, threeudPb-Zn mines with three mills, one copper mine with mill and copper leaching facility, one Pb-Znudsmelting and several mines and factories for raw minerals such is the Usje in our capital Skopje.udAt the Usje factory were measured values in ranges of 1.46÷2.23% Fe, 440÷940 mg kg-1 Mn,ud93.4÷104.71 mg kg-1 Ni, 58.57÷83.1 mg kg-1 Zn, 23.1÷34.9 mg kg-1 Pb, 42.30÷60.3 mg kg-1 Cu andud0.59÷1.61 mg kg-1 Cd. The concentrations of heavy metals at Veles former smelting Pb-Zn plantudwere in the range: 20÷1823 mg kg-1Pb, 29÷2395 mg kg-1Zn, 28÷65 mgkg-1Cd, 27÷81 mg kg-1 Cu,ud39÷164 mg kg-1Ni, 508÷938 mgkg-1Mn and 1.6÷3.8% Fe, all of them above reference values.udAround the Feni smelting plant concentrations of particular pollution elements were in theudrange: 16÷31 mg kg-1 Pb, 117÷286 mg kg-1 Zn, 13÷30 mg kg-1Co, 43÷119 mg kg-1 Cu, 158÷292 mgudkg-1Ni, 519÷903 mgkg-1Mn, 119÷236 mg kg-1 Cr and 2.24÷3.79% Fe. At the ToranicaPb-Zn mineudall the measured values multiplexed above the standard values. Enrichment factors ranged from,udlow 3.75 for nickel up to 362.5 for zinc and extreme 1587.5 for lead. The Zletovo Pb-Zn mine hasudbeen characterized by all the measured values multiplexed above the standard values with anudexception of nickel. Enrichment factors ranged from mediate ones such were those for copper ofud20.8, cadmium of 28.7, arsenic of 32.5 up to high ones for zinc with 341.7 and lead 925. Inudregards to SasaPb-Zn mine all the measured values multiplexed above the standard values withudan exception of nickel. Enrichment factors ranged from low for manganese of 12.14 and arsenicudof 15.72, median for copper of 59.15, high for cadmium of 126 and extremely high for zinc withud892.7 and lead 1201.9. In regards to the Bucim copper mine the median values for Cu in samplesudwere 396 mg kg-1 and the ranges from 94.8 to 1171 mg kg-1, for the Topolnica village the medianudvalues in samples were 150 mg kg-1 with ranges from 52.5 to 1183 mg kg-1 and for the Bučimudvillage the median values were 145 mg kg-1 and the ranges from 85.3 to 317 mg kg-1.